Which of the following statements is true regarding the circulatory transition at birth?

  1. Indomethacin or ibuprofen can prolong the time to closure of the ductus arteriosus
  2. There is a persistent shunt across the foramen ovale after birth
  3. The ductus arteriosus functionally closes within 72 hours of birth
  4. Inflation of the lungs leads to an increase in right ventricular pressures