Title: Jamjar MCQ's / 2022

Q: What is the half-life of IV Salbutamol?
A: 1-2 minutes
B: 5-10 minutes
C: 1-2 hours
D: 2-5 hours
[...]
A: D: 2-5 hours

Q: A hollow bubble has surface tension acting on the internal and external surfaces of the bubble. Which formula is correct for the total surface tension acting on a bubble, where:
T = total surface tension acting on the bubble
P = pressure difference between the inside and outside of the bubble
r = radius of the bubble
A: T = Pr/2
B: T = Pr/4
C: T = P/2r
D: T = P/r^2
[...]
^
A: A: T = Pr/2

Q: What the mechanism of action of Amiodarone?
A: Blocks sodium and potassium channels
B: Blocks adrenoreceptors and calcium channels
C: Blocks sodium, potassium, and calcium channels
D: Blocks sodium, potassium and calcium channels, and adrenoreceptors
[...]
A: D: Blocks sodium, potassium and calcium channels, and adrenoreceptors

Q: According to the Poiseulle equation, flow is INVERSELY proportional to:
A: Density
B: Radius to the fourth power
C: Pressure gradient
D: Viscosity
[...]
A: D: Viscosity

Q: What is the critical pressure of oxygen?
A: 5 atm
B: 15 atm
C: 50 atm
D: 500 atm
[...]
A: C: 50 atm

Q: What is the main site of tissue damage in hyperoxic acute lung injury?
A: Alveolar epithelium
B: Septal connective tissue
C: Pulmonary capillary endothelium
D: Bronchial epithelium
[...]
A: C: Pulmonary capillary endothelium

Q: On gram stain Serratia marcescens appears as:
A: Gram negative cocci
B: Gram negative bacilli
C: Gram positive cocci
D: Gram positive bacilli
[...]
A: B: Gram negative bacilli

Q: What is the respiratory quotient of fat?
A: 1.0
B: 0.8
C: 0.7
D: 0.4
[...]
A: C: 0.7

Q: Which of these drugs has the highest volume of distribution?
A: Fentanyl
B: Alfentanil
C: Remifentanil
D: Morphine
[...]
A: A: Fentanyl

Q: Which of the following bacteria are aerobic?
A: Actinomyces
B: Bacillus
C: Bacteroides
D: Fusobacterium
[...]
A: B: Bacillus

Q: What is the normal basal metabolic rate?
A: 25 kcal/kg/day
B: 40 kcal/kg/day
C: 70 kcal/kg/day
D: 100 kcal/kg/day
[...]
A: A: 25 kcal/kg/day

Q: A patient with chronic respiratory alkalosis has a pH of 7.53 and a PaCO2 of 20mmHg, what should their expected HCO3^- be?
A: 10 mmol/L
B: 14 mmol/L
C: 21 mmol/L
D: 28 mmol/L
[...]
A: B: 14 mmol/L

Q: When using the Cockcroft-Gault formula for estimating creatinine clearance, what correction factor is used to account for females?
A: 0.70
B: 0.75
C: 0.80
D: 0.85
[...]
A: D: 0.85

Q: Which of the following has activity at the Mu opioid receptor:
A: M3G
B: M6G
C: Norfentanyl
D: Paracetamol
[...]
A: B: M6G

Q: What is the extracellular concentration of K+ in a unit of Packed Red Blood Cells after storage for 42 days?
A: 3-5mmol/L
B: 5-10mmol/L
C: 10-15mmol/L
D: >15mmol/L
[...]
A: D: >15mmol/L

Q: Which of the following insulins has the fastest onset?
A: Aspart
B: Isophane
C: Glargine
D: Levemir
[...]
A: A: Aspart

Q: Which immune cells are involved in recognising and killing cells that express low levels of MHC class 1?
A: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
B: Neutrophils
C: Natural Killer Cells
D: B lymphocytes
[...]
A: C: Natural Killer Cells

Q: Carvedilol is a non-selective beta blocker with action on which other receptor?
A: Alpha 1 antagonism
B: Alpha 2 agonism
C: Beta 2 agonism
D: Beta 3 antagonism
[...]
A: A: Alpha 1 antagonism

Q: What is the percentage of total body water for an adult female?
A: 50%
B: 60%
C: 70%
D: 80%
[...]
A: A: 50%

Q: What process converts Dopamine to Noradrenaline?
A: Hydroxylation
B: Decarboxylation
C: Methylation
D: Acetylation
[...]
A: A: Hydroxylation

Q: The Hering-Breuer Reflex is initiated by which receptors?
A: J-receptors
B: Irritant receptors
C: Pulmonary stretch receptors
D: Pain receptors
[...]
A: C: Pulmonary stretch receptors

Q: What volume of pancreatic secretions are produced each day?
A: 100-300mL
B: 400-600mL
C: 1000-2000mL
D: 3000-4000mL
[...]
A: C: 1000-2000mL

Q: In the kidney, arcuate arteries branch to form what?
A: Peritubular capillaries
B: Interlobular arteries
C: Afferent arterioles
D: Interlobal arteries
[...]
A: B: Interlobular arteries

Q: What is the oxygen saturation of haemoglobin in the foetal umbilical vein?
A: 30-40%
B: 40-50%
C: 60-70%
D: 80-90%
[...]
A: C: 60-70%

Q: In an erect lung, which portion has the lowest PAO2?
A: Large airways
B: West’s Zone 1 alveoli
C: West’s Zone 2 alveoli
D: West’s Zone 3 alveoli
[...]
A: D: West’s Zone 3 alveoli

Q: Administration of local anaesthetic at which site has the highest rate of systemic absorption?
A: Brachial plexus
B: Subcutaneous
C: Epidural
D: Intercostal muscle
[...]
A: D: Intercostal muscle

Q: Which insulin formulation has the fastest onset of action?
A: Aspart insulin
B: Isophane
C: Glargine
D: Detemir
[...]
A: A: Aspart insulin

Q: What is the predominant ion flow during phase 3 of ventricular myocyte action potential?
A: Na+ influx
B: L-type Ca2+ influx
C: K+ efflux
D: T-type Ca2+ influx
[...]
A: C: K+ efflux

Q: Which of the following contains the highest oxygen saturation?
A: SVC
B: Pulmonary artery
C: Renal vein
D: Coronary sinus
[...]
A: A: SVC

Q: What is the principle or mechanism of how a thermocouple measures temperature?
A: Resistance of metal oxide relates to temperature
B: 2 dissimilar metals develop a potential difference (voltage difference) according to temperature
C: Metal semiconductor which changes its resistance in a predictably non-linear fashion (run-away exponent) with temperature
D: When heated, the kinetic energy of the liquid increases and it expands, forcing it up the capillary which correlate with temperature
[...]
A: B: 2 dissimilar metals develop a potential difference (voltage difference) according to temperature

Q: What is the mechanism of action of fluconazole?
A: Inhibits ergosterol synthesis
B: Inhibits beta-glucan synthesis
C: Inhibits DNA synthesis
D: Binds to ergosterol to weaken the cell membrane and cause pores
[...]
A: A: Inhibits ergosterol synthesis

Q: Which enzyme is involved in the formation of bradykinin?
A: Bradykinin converting enzyme
B: Kallikrein
C: Prostaglandin
D: Cytokine
[...]
A: B: Kallikrein

Q: Which of the following is true?
A: Chlorhexidine causes oxidative damage
B: Iodine is not effective against fungi and spores
C: Chlorhexidine 2% with 70% alcohol and povidone-iodine have the same spectrum of activity
D: Chlorhexidine has a longer duration of activity than povidone-iodine when applied to the skin
[...]
A: D: Chlorhexidine has a longer duration of activity than povidone-iodine when applied to the skin

Q: Which of these gases are diffusion limited?
A: Carbon dioxide under exercising conditions
B: Carbon monoxide under exercising conditions
C: Oxygen under resting conditions
D: Nitrous oxide
[...]
A: B: Carbon monoxide under exercising conditions

Q: Blockade of the Na+/K+ ATPase channel by digoxin has what effect?
A: Increases serum K+ level
B: Reduces resting membrane potential
C: Prolongs duration of action potential
D: Decreases intracellular Ca2+
[...]
A: B: Reduces resting membrane potential

Q: A subject is given 100% FiO2 and takes a single vital capacity breath followed by a full exhalation. Nitrogen concentration is measured over time and an increase in nitrogen concentration is seen after a plateau. Why does this occur?
A: Effect of gas exchange in poorly compliant part of the lung
B: Increased dead space
C: Less oxygen available in apical alveoli
D: Effect of closing capacity exceeding FRC
[...]
A: A: Effect of gas exchange in poorly compliant part of the lung

Q: What is drug bioavailability?
A: Percentage of drug excreted by the kidneys
B: Portion of free portion in plasma
C: Portion of dose administered that reaches hepatic circulation
D: Percentage of dose administered that reaches systemic circulation
[...]
A: D: Percentage of dose administered that reaches systemic circulation

Q: The equilibrium dissociation constant of a drug relates to which characteristic?
A: Receptor affinity
B: Peak concentration
C: Fat solubility
D: Protein binding
[...]
A: A: Receptor affinity

Q: In pulse oximetry, what is the isobestic point?
A: Upper inflection point at which the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve plateaus
B: Point at which oxygen saturation is 50%
C: Point at which both deoxy- and oxy-Hb absorb light equally
D: Point at which infrared wavelength is maximally absorbed
[...]
A: C: Point at which both deoxy- and oxy-Hb absorb light equally

Q: Which immunoglobulin subtype crosses the placenta?
A: IgA
B: IgG
C: IgM
D: IgD
[...]
A: B: IgG

Q: Which of the following has the highest partial pressure of oxygen in fetal circulation:
A: IVC
B: Aorta
C: Left atrium
D: Ductus venosus
[...]
A: D: Ductus venosus

Q: Osmolality of 8.4% bicarb
A: 100 mOsm/Kg
B: 200 mOsm/Kg
C: 1000 mOsm/Kg
D: 2000 mOsm/Kg
[...]
A: D: 2000 mOsm/Kg

Q: Which solution has the largest strong ion difference
A: NaCl 0.9%
B: Hartmann’s solution
C: Plasma-Lyte
D: Isotonic sodium bicarbonate
[...]
A: D: Isotonic sodium bicarbonate

Q: How much magnesium (in mmol/L) is in Plasma-Lyte148?
A: 0
B: 1.5
C: 8
D: 10
[...]
A: B: 1.5

Q: What is the half-life of triiodothyronine?
A: 5-10 mins
B: 1 hour
C: 6 hours
D: 1 day
[...]
A: D: 1 day

Q: Which of these is a pro-drug:
A: Hydrocortisone
B: Dexamethasone
C: Prednisone
D: Prednisolone
[...]
A: C: Prednisone

Q: Drugs with a low hepatic extraction ratio are most affected by a change in:
A: Hepatic blood flow
B: Protein binding
C: Enzyme activity
D: Bioavailability
[...]
A: C: Enzyme activity

Q: Which of the following is NOT a tributary of the internal jugular vein?
A: Lingual vein
B: Superior thyroid vein
C: Middle thyroid vein
D: Posterior auricular vein
[...]
A: D: Posterior auricular vein

Q: What is the binding site for ATP during skeletal muscle contraction
A: Actin
B: Myosin
C: Tropomyosin
D: Troponin
[...]
A: B: Myosin

Q: To which of the following side effects of opioid analgesics does tolerance MOST develop?
A: Bradycardia
B: Constipation
C: Miosis
D: Nausea and vomiting
[...]
A: D: Nausea and vomiting