2022 - Multiple Choice Questions

What is the half-life of IV Salbutamol?
  1. 1-2 minutes
  2. 5-10 minutes
  3. 1-2 hours
  4. 2-5 hours
Mechanism: Liver metabolism -> Salbutamol 4-0 sulfate Elimination half life: ~3 hours
A hollow bubble has surface tension acting on the internal and external surfaces of the bubble. Which formula is correct for the total surface tension acting on a bubble, where:
T = total surface tension acting on the bubble P = pressure difference between the inside and outside of the bubble r = radius of the bubble  
  1. T = Pr/2
  2. T = Pr/4
  3. T = P/2r
  4. T = P/r2
LaPlace Eqn   ΔP = 2T/r This applies where there is only 1 liquid-gas interface (e.g. in alveoli)  
  • For a bubble there are 2 liquid-gas interfaces (one inside the bubble, and one outside the bubble) -> i.e. there are 2 surfaces with surface tension
 
  • This means that the pressure in the bubble would need to be twice as high as in a cavity with only 1 interface to produce the same radius (with the same surface tension)
  ΔP = 2x(2T/r) ΔP = 4T/r T = Pr/4
What is the mechanism of action of Amiodarone?
  1. Blocks sodium and potassium channels
  2. Blocks adrenoreceptors and calcium channels
  3. Blocks sodium, potassium, and calcium channels
  4. Blocks sodium, potassium and calcium channels, and adrenoreceptors
According to the Poiseulle equation, flow is INVERSELY proportional to:
  1. Density
  2. Radius to the fourth power
  3. Pressure gradient
  4. Viscosity
What is the critical pressure of oxygen?
  1. 5 atm
  2. 15 atm
  3. 50 atm
  4. 500 atm
What is the main site of tissue damage in hyperoxic acute lung injury?
  1. Alveolar epithelium
  2. Septal connective tissue
  3. Pulmonary capillary endothelium
  4. Bronchial epithelium
On gram stain Serratia marcescens appears as:
  1. Gram negative cocci
  2. Gram negative bacilli
  3. Gram positive cocci
  4. Gram positive bacilli
What is the respiratory quotient of fat?
  1. 1.0
  2. 0.8
  3. 0.7
  4. 0.4
Which of these drugs has the highest volume of distribution?
  1. Fentanyl
  2. Alfentanil
  3. Remifentanil
  4. Morphine
Which of the following bacteria are aerobic?
  1. Actinomyces
  2. Bacillus
  3. Bacteroides
  4. Fusobacterium
What is the normal basal metabolic rate?
  1. 25 kcal/kg/day
  2. 40 kcal/kg/day
  3. 70 kcal/kg/day
  4. 100 kcal/kg/day
A patient with chronic respiratory alkalosis has a pH of 7.53 and a PaCO2 of 20mmHg, what should their expected HCO3- be?
  1. 10 mmol/L
  2. 14 mmol/L
  3. 21 mmol/L
  4. 28 mmol/L
When using the Cockcroft-Gault formula for estimating creatinine clearance, what correction factor is used to account for females?
  1. 0.70
  2. 0.75
  3. 0.80
  4. 0.85
Which of the following has activity at the Mu opioid receptor:
  1. M3G
  2. M6G
  3. Norfentanyl
  4. Paracetamol
What is the extracellular concentration of K+ in a unit of Packed Red Blood Cells after storage for 42 days?
  1. 3-5mmol/L
  2. 5-10mmol/L
  3. 10-15mmol/L
  4. >15mmol/L
Which of the following insulins has the fastest onset?
  1. Aspart
  2. Isophane
  3. Glargine
  4. Levemir
Which immune cells are involved in recognising and killing cells that express low levels of MHC class 1?
  1. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
  2. Neutrophils
  3. Natural Killer Cells
  4. B lymphocytes
Carvedilol is a non-selective beta blocker with action on which other receptor?
  1. Alpha 1 antagonism
  2. Alpha 2 agonism
  3. Beta 2 agonism
  4. Beta 3 antagonism
What is the percentage of total body water for an adult female?
  1. 50%
  2. 60%
  3. 70%
  4. 80%
What process converts Dopamine to Noradrenaline?
  1. Hydroxylation
  2. Decarboxylation
  3. Methylation
  4. Acetylation