2024 - Multiple Choice Questions

Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system
  1. dilates the pupil
  2. increases heart rate
  3. causes vasoconstriction
  4. causes contraction of the detrusor muscle in the bladder
A young fit 70kg man will normally excrete, in 24H
  1. 1000ml water
  2. 30mmol Na+
  3. 10mmol K+
  4. 20mmol urea
Evans blue dye can be used to measure which body compartment?
  1. Total Body Water
  2. Blood Volume
  3. Plasma Volume
  4. Intracellular Volume
Concerning the transport processes in the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT)
  1. 50% of the normal filtered load of HCO3 ion is absorbed in the proximal tubule
  2. absorption of glucose is unrelated to sodium reabsorption
  3. normally most of the phosphate filtered is excreted
  4. there are active secretory mechanisms for para-aminohippuric acid (PAH)
The ascending limb of the loop of Henle
  1. is impermeable to sodium
  2. is involved in the active transport of potassium ions into the lumen
  3. contains the NKCC transporter, which is an example of primary active transport
  4. contains hypotonic urine at the distal end
In regards to the anatomy of the internal jugular vein
  1. The Vagus nerve lies lateral to the internal jugular vein
  2. IJV is bordered medially by the internal carotid and 4 cranial nerves
  3. IJV is bordered laterally by the scalene muscles
  4. IJV stays lateral to the carotid artery throughout its course in the cervical region
Cerebrospinal fluid
  1. has a specific gravity of 1030 at body temperature
  2. total volume in a 70-kg adult is 500 ml
  3. total protein content is more than that of serum proteins
  4. is formed by the choroid plexus
Which of the following is an example of an Active Transport System?
  1. movement of sodium out of nerve cells
  2. thyroxine release
  3. reabsorption of H2O at proximal convoluted tubules
  4. water reabsorption at collecting ducts
Which of the following statements is true for the changes to cardiovascular physiology in an exercising person?
  1. cardiac output can increase up to 4-5 times
  2. Maximum heart rate can be calculated as (180 – age)
  3. stroke volume increases continuously during exercise
  4. CVP decreases due to a decrease in PVR
Which of the following statements is true
  1. Arterial line trace does not give information regarding contractility of the left ventricle
  2. increased intracellular Mg reduces digoxin toxicity
  3. blood from the pulmonary artery has higher O2 saturation than blood in the right atrium
  4. application of PEEP always leads to an increase in right ventricle afterload
Digoxin toxicity is exacerbated by:
  1. Hypocalcaemia
  2. Hypermagnesaemia
  3. Hypokalaemia
  4. Hypernatraemia
At a physiological temperature of 37 degrees C, the water vapor pressure is:
  1. 44mmHg
  2. 37mmHg
  3. 34mmHg
  4. 47mmHg
Sodium Thiopentone is hydrolysed by:
  1. Amine hydrolysis
  2. Ester hydrolysis
  3. Glucuronidation
  4. Desulfation and N-dealkylation
Which of the following is a Phase I reaction?
  1. Hydrolysis
  2. Acetylation
  3. Sulfation
  4. Glucuronidation
Which neuromuscular blocker produces a Phase I block?
  1. Rocuronium
  2. Atracurium
  3. Vecuronium
  4. Suxamethonium
Bile secretion is increased by which of the following hormones?:
  1. CCK
  2. Secretin
  3. Motilin
  4. Somatostatin
Smooth muscle contains:
  1. Multiple nuclei
  2. Tropomyosin
  3. Troponin C
  4. Calmodulin
All of the following are acute phase reactants, except for:
  1. Albumin
  2. Troponin
  3. Haptoglobin
  4. Fibrinogen
During the process of excitation-contraction coupling, the ATP attaches to:
  1. Actin
  2. Tropomyosin
  3. Myosin head
  4. Troponin
The following increases in pregnancy:
  1. Total lung capacity
  2. Compliance
  3. Inspiratory capacity
  4. Vital capacity