2024 - Multiple Choice Questions

Barbiturates act by increasing
  1. Frequency of GABA A channel opening
  2. Duration of GABA A opening
  3. Frequency of NMDA channel opening
  4. Duration of NMDA opening
Which of the following has longest Context Sensitive Half-Time (CSHT) after 3 hours of infusion
  1. Propofol
  2. Fentanyl
  3. Midazolam
  4. Thiopentone
With regards to the thermodilution technique, which of the following curves represents the highest cardiac output?
Line graph showing temperature change over time
  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
Ketamine causes
  1. Direct myocardial depressant
  2. Dry mouth
  3. Bronchospasm
  4. Blunted airway reflexes
One unit of FFP has INR
  1. 8
  2. 4
  3. 1
  4. 8
What is the acid-base abnormality from the following blood gas?
Parameter Patient Value Adult Normal Range
FiO2 0.28  
pH 7.15* 7.35 – 7.45
pO2 64 mmHg  
pCO2 32 mmHg* 35.0 – 45.0
SpO2 94%  
Bicarbonate 11 mmol/L* 22.0 – 26.0
Base Excess – 17 mmol/L* -2.0 – +2.0
Lactate 1.2 mmol/L 0.5 – 1.6
Sodium 134 mmol/L* 135 – 145
Potassium 4.3 mmol/L 3.5 – 5.0
Chloride 111 mmol/L* 95 – 105
Glucose 5.2 mmol/L 3.5 – 6.0
 
  1. High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) with respiratory acidosis
  2. HAGMA with adequate respiratory compensation
  3. Normal Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (NAGMA) with respiratory acidosis
  4. NAGMA with adequate respiratory compensation
With regards to the role of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN):
  1. Potassium
  2. Magnesium
  3. Protein
  4. Sodium
TOF- stimuli is given at
  1.  1Hz
  2. 0.5Hz
  3. 2Hz
  4. 4Hz
Cortisol increases
  1. Gluconeogenesis
  2. Glycolysis
  3. Glycogenolysis
  4. Fatty AcidSynthesis
Absence of thyroid functions decreases basal metabolic rate by
  1. 10-15%
  2. 40-50%
  3. 60-70%
  4. 70-80%
Which of the following statements about the RAAS system is MOST accurate?
  1. Angiotensin I is the most potent form of the hormone and has a half-life of several hours.
  2. Renin is directly secreted by the adrenal glands in response to decreased potassium levels.
  3. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule, leading to water retention and increased blood pressure.
  4. The RAAS system primarily acts to decrease blood pressure by vasodilation and sodium and water excretion
Which of the following is responsible for the generation of the basic rhythm of breathing during quiet inspiration?
  1. DRG
  2. VRG
  3. Apneustic centre
  4. Pneumotaxic centre
For every 1°C raise in temperature, CMRO2 increases by
  1. 1-2%
  2. 7-10%
  3. 15-20%
  4. 25%
Which of the following is the mechanism of action of nitric oxide?
  1. Increase IP3 and DAG, increased intracellular calcium
  2. Increased cGMP from GTP
  3. Increased cAMP
  4. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase
Which of the following conditions would lead to an increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF)?
  1. PaCO2 of 60 mmHg
  2. PaO2 of 80 mmHg
  3. MAP of 70 mmHg
  4. Increased blood viscosity
According to Poiseuille's law, flow is
  1. Inversely proportional to radius to the power of 4
  2. Inversely proportional to pressure gradient
  3. Proportional to viscosity
  4. Proportional to radius to the power of 4
Why does Midazolam have a reduced clearance in the elderly?
  1. Hepatic clearance
  2. Impaired renal secretion
  3. Higher body fat
  4. Higher body water
Which of the following describes increasing contractility due to afterload?
  1. Anrep effect
  2. Bainbridge reflex
  3. Bowditch effect
  4. Treppe effect
What is the mechanism of action of amphotericin?
  1. Disruption of spindle and cytoplasmic microtubule function
  2. Disruption of ergosterol synthesis
  3. Accumulation of squalene
  4. Disruption of beta glucan synthesis
Which immunoglobulin class is capable of transplacental passage?
  1. IgG
  2. IgA
  3. IgM
  4. IgE