2025 - Multiple Choice Questions

Which of the following is the mechanism of action of salbutamol
  1. Activation of beta 1 receptors resulting in increased adenylyl cyclase activity, increasing cAMP
  2. Activation of beta 2 receptors resulting in increased adenylyl cyclase activity, increasing cAMP
  3. Activation of beta 2 receptors resulting in increased IP3 and DAG
  4. Binds to receptor tyrosine kinases resulting in dimerization
Which of the structures is most important in the ventilatory response to pCO2
  1. Carotid Body
  2. Aortic Arch
  3. Pre-Botzinger Complex
  4. Ventral Medulla
Which of the following is not an inspiratory muscle
  1. Serratus Anterior
  2. Scalene
  3. Sternocleidomastoid
  4. Pectoralis Major
Which of the following has the potential to cause withdrawal at the mu-receptor
  1. Buprenorphine
  2. Fentanyl
  3. Morphine
  4. Remifentanil
Which of the following is a Phase I reaction
  1. Hydroxylation
  2. Sulfation
  3. Methylation
  4. Acetylation
The sodium content in 1L of Hartmann’s Solution is
  1. 131 mmol
  2. 140 mmol
  3. 148 mmol
  4. 154 mmol
The mechanism of glucose transport across the placenta is
  1. Passive diffusion
  2. Primary active transport
  3. Facilitated diffusion
  4. Secondary active transport
What are the intracellular effects of activation of phospholipase C
  1. Activation of tyrosine kinase
  2. Intracellular increase in cyclic AMP
  3. Intracellular decrease in cyclic AMP
  4. Increased DAG and IP3
The left bronchial artery arises from
  1. Intercostal artery
  2. Thoracic Aorta
  3. Aortic Arch
  4. Pulmonary Artery
The highest sodium permeability for the ventricular myocyte on the ECG is
  1. P
  2. Q
  3. R
  4. S
Which of the following best describes how a thermocouple works
  1. Change in resistance of the wheatstone bridge
  2. Temperature dependent change in voltage at the junction of two dissimilar metals
  3. Use of infra-red radiation to determine surface temperature without direct contact
  4. Temperature readings generated by measuring the expansion and contraction of a fluid in a sealed tube
The pO2 of coronary sinus blood is
  1. 20mmHg
  2. 40mmHg
  3. 50mmHg
  4. 80mmHg
What happens after the rapid reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance following a neonate’s first breath
  1. Fall in both right atrial pressure and left atrial pressure
  2. B: Fall in right atrial pressure but rise in left atrial pressure
  3. Rise in both right atrial pressure and left atrial pressure
  4. Rise in right atrial pressure but fall in left atrial pressure
Which of the following describes these blood gas results

pH – 7.2

PCO2 – 40

PO2 – 80

Na – 135

Cl – 90

HCO3 – 16

  1. HAGMA + Respiratory Acidosis
  2. HAMGA + Respiratory Compensation
  3. NAGMA + Respiratory Acidosis
  4. NAGMA + Respiratory Compensation
How much reduction in 2-3 DPG concentration is there by 14 days of blood storage
  1. 10%
  2. 20%
  3. 40%
  4. 90%
Which route of administration of lignocaine would have the slowest onset of systemic absorption
  1. Brachial plexus
  2. Subcutaneous
  3. Epidural
  4. Intercostal muscle
Which drug has the longest context sensitive half time after 10 hour infusion
  1. Fentanyl
  2. Morphine
  3. Propofol
  4. Midazolam
The largest absolute reduction in pO2 in the oxygen cascade occurs from
  1. Trachea to alveoli
  2. Capillary to mitochondria
  3. Atmosphere to trachea
  4. Alveoli to aorta
Thiopentone is metabolised by
  1. Hydrolysis in the plasma
  2. Oxidation in the liver
  3. Reduction in the kidneys
  4. Hydrolysis in the liver
The limiting factor for oxygen consumption in mitochondria with PaO2 > 1mmHg is
  1. Blood flow
  2. ADP
  3. pH
  4. Lactate