2026 - Multiple Choice Questions

What is the SVRI for a patient with a CVP of 5mmHg, MAP of 65mmHg and a CI of 3.5?
  1. 1140 dyn·s·cm⁻⁵·m²
  2. 1370 dyn·s·cm⁻⁵·m²
  3. 1490 dyn·s·cm⁻⁵·m²
  4. 1610 dyn·s·cm⁻⁵·m²
What is the acid-base abnormality on the following arterial blood gas?
Parameter Value Normal Range
FiO2 0.32
pH 7.20 7.35-7.45
pO2 80mmHg 75-100
pCO2 40mmHg 35-45mmHg
SpO2 93%
HCO3– 16mmol/L 22-26
Base excess -12 -2.0 – +2.0
Lactate 1.5mmol/L 0.5-1.6
Sodium 135mmol/L 135-145
Potassium 3.6mmol/L 3.5-5.0
Chloride 90mmol/L 95-105
Glucose 5mmol/L 3.5-6.0
  1. High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) with respiratory compensation
  2. HAGMA without respiratory compensation
  3. Normal Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (NAGMA) with respiratory compensation
  4. NAGMA without respiratory compensation
What proportion of blood from the bronchial veins drains into the pulmonary veins?
  1. 0-20%
  2. 30-40%
  3. 60-70%
  4. 90-100%
The highest concentration of CYP450 enzymes are found in which zone of the liver?
  1. Periportal zone
  2. Centrilobular zone
  3. Transitional zone
  4. Portal triad
The effects of digoxin on the ECG can be best described as:
  1. Shortened PR interval, prolongs QT interval
  2. Shortened PR interval and QT interval
  3. Prolonged PR interval, shortened QT interval
  4. Prolonged PR and QT interval
Aldosterone is primarily secreted by the:
  1. Adrenal Medulla
  2. Adrenal Zona Glomerulosa
  3. Adrenal Zona Fasciculata
  4. Adrenal Zona Reticularis
How are viruses classified in contrast to fungi?
  1. Viruses are classified based on their genetic material and envelope, fungi are classified based on their ability to form spores and growth pattern
  2. Viruses are classified based on their growth pattern within cells, fungi are classified based on their genetic material
  3. Viruses are classified based on their genetic material and envelope, fungi are classified based on carbohydrate antigens in their cell walls
  4. Viruses are classified based on their staining appearance on light microscopy, fungi are classified based on the invasiveness of infection they cause
Which solution has the highest osmolarity?
  1. 5% albumin
  2. 0.9% NaCl
  3. 5% dextrose
  4. Hartmann’s Solution
With regard to the following diagram, where line A represents the slope of the Left Ventricular diastolic pressure:
  1. Which of the following would cause line A to shift to line B and line C?
  2. Noradrenaline would cause B, Metoprolol would cause C
  3. Noradrenaline would cause C, Metoprolol would cause B
  4. A fluid bolus would cause B, bleeding would cause C
  5. A fluid bolus would cause C, bleeding would cause B
Left ventricular pressure waveform over time graph
What is an ECG feature of hyperkalaemia
  1. Flattened T waves
  2. Prominent U waves
  3. Prolonged QRS
  4. QT prolongation
Beta agonists and muscarinic agonist effect on airways
  1. Muscarinic decrease but beta agonism increase airway diameter
  2. Muscarinic increase but beta agonists decrease airway diameter
  3. Muscarinic decrease and beta decrease airway diameter
  4. Muscarinic increase and beta increase airway diameter
How does ciprofloxacin work?
  1. 50S ribosomal inhibition
  2. 30S ribosomal inhibition
  3. DNA gyrase inhibition
  4. Folate synthesis inhibition
What is the V/Q ratio in the apex of the upright lung?
  1. 1.5
  2. 2
  3. 2.5
  4. 3
How does alcohol work as an antiseptic?
  1. Denaturation of proteins and disruption of cell membrane
  2. Oxidising and iodinating microbial proteins
  3. Cross linking microbial proteins and nucleic acids
  4. Oxidising cellular components through the generation of reactive oxygen species
How much endogenous insulin is cleared via the kidneys
  1. 10%
  2. 25%
  3. 50%
  4. 75%
Which lung volume is most likely to be relatively preserved in a patient with morbid obesity?
  1. Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
  2. Functional residual capacity (FRC)
  3. Total lung capacity (TLC)
  4. Residual volume (RV)
Which organ has the lowest oxygen consumption per 100 g of tissue at rest?
  1. Brain
  2. Kidney
  3. Liver
  4. Heart
In the mitochondria, at a PO₂ of approximately 1 mmHg, what is the principal determinant of ATP (energy) production?
  1. Oxygen tension
  2. ADP concentration
  3. Tissue blood flow
  4. Intracellular pH
At term, uteroplacental blood flow is approximately:
  1. 100 mL/min
  2. 300 mL/min
  3. 600 mL/min
  4. 1200 mL/min
Compared with hydrocortisone, fludrocortisone has approximately:
  1. No mineralocorticoid activity
  2. Equivalent mineralocorticoid activity
  3. 10-fold greater mineralocorticoid activity
  4. 125-fold greater mineralocorticoid activity