Q4iii: Understand the process of collection & production of blood and its components
- Blood products = therapeutic substances prepared from human blood
- Blood components = red cells, platelets, FFP, cryoprecipitate
- Plasma = albumin, coag factors, immunoglobulins
Donor Assessment
- Confidential intr: PMHx, risks of HIV, malaria, hepatitis, CID
- Examination temp., pulse, BP
- Hb level
Blood Collection
- Whole blood is collected by venepuncture
- Can be donated every 12 weeks
- 470mL aseptically collected
- First 30mL to tubes for testing
- Rest into sterile blood packs
- Whole blood undergoes LEUKODEPLETION (removes 99.9% WCC) to ↓risk transfusion reactions
- Whole blood is centrifuged & separated → plasma + red
Blood Components
Platelets
- Packed platelets = 1 unit drawn from 1 donor of whole blood; 4 – 6 ‘pooled’ from different donors
- Platelet apheresis = plasma collected in sterile closed system which collected plasma & returns blood to donor
FFP
- From single whole blood donation
- Frozen within 8hrs
- Stored 1yr ≤ -25°C to minimise loss of F V & VIII
- Thawed in H2O bath ~20 mins
- Used immediately or can be stored @ 4°C to use <24hrs
Cryo
- FFP is thawed to 4°C → precipitates to form insoluble mixture rich in VIII, vWF, fibrinogen
- 1 unit from whole blood → 10 units prepared in 1 pooled bag
RBC
- From centrifuging whole blood into anticoagulant
- Suspended in additives → SAGM
- Sodium chloride = isotonicity
- Adenine → ATP substract
- Glucose → E substrate
- Mannitol = free radical scavenger & membrane stabiliser
- γ irradiation → inactivates ↑ LCs to prevent GvHD (esp for immunocompromised)
- Shelf life 42 days
- Cells, which survive first 24hr remain viable for rest of their life expectancy
Blood Storage
Product
Whole blood
Additive
CPDA1
Temp
4°C
LOS
35 days
Rarely used in Aus
Match
ABO
Rh
XM
Product
PRBC
Additive
SAGM
Temp
2 – 6°C
LOS
42 days
Match
ABO
Rh
XM
Product
Platelets
Additive
–
Temp
20 – 24°C
LOS
5 days, constant agitation
Match
ABO
Product
FFP
Additive
–
Temp
≤ – 25°C
LOS
Frozen within 8hrs to preserve V & VIII activity: 12 months
Match
ABO
Product
Cryo
Additive
–
Temp
≤ – 25°C
LOS
12 months
Match
ABO
Plasma Derivatives
Albumin
- Plasma – (cells + coag factors)
- Mostly albumin is left → 4% & 20%
- Heat treated to kill viruses
Immunoglobulin
- IM doses of Ab for patients with deficiencies
- Taken from pooled plasma or donors with specific high titres for certain Abs
IVIG
- From the pooled plasma for 1000 – 10,000 donors