2019 - Multiple Choice Questions
What is the mechanism of action of ondansetron?
- Anticholinergic
- Antihistamine
- Dopamine (D2) antagonist
- Serotonin (5-HT3) antagonist
Which receptor does hyoscine act on?
- 5-HT3
- Dopamine D2
- Muscarinic
- Neurokinin 1
What is the optimal temperature range for stored platelets?
- ≦-25°C
- 2 to 6°C
- 10 to 15°C
- 20 to 24°C
Regarding its effect on neurotransmitter function, neostigmine:
- Blocks catecholamine reuptake by nerve terminals
- Inhibits acetylcholine release
- Inhibits monoamine oxidase function
- Inhibits the action of acetylcholinesterase
Which of the following is IRRELEVANT when calculating a loading dose?
- Body weight
- Desired concentration
- Renal function
- Volume of distribution
What is the MAXIMAL urine concentration that a healthy kidney can achieve?
- 400 to 600 mOsm/L
- 800 to 1000 mOsm/L
- 1200 to 1400 mOsm/L
- 1600 to 1800 mOsm/L
Which of the following Is a colligative property?
- Freezing point depression
- Humidity
- Molecular weight
- Temperature
Which of the following opiates has the HIGHEST lipid solubility?
- Alfentanll
- Fentanyl
- Morphine
- Remlfentanll
Which of the following events occurs during swallowing?
- Adduction of the vocal cords
- Glossopharyngeal nerve Is simulated
- Nasopharynx opens
- Respiration Is increased
Adduction of the vocal cords
Glossopharyngeal nerve is simulated
Regarding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF):
- About 150 ml Is produced per day
- It has a lower chloride concentration compared to plasma much higher Cl than plasma ?bc no plasma proteins
- It has a lower pH compared to plasma
- The normal volume Is about 500 ml
*** The pulmonary vessels contain approximately
- 5% of blood volume
- 10% of blood volume
- 20% of blood volume
- 25% of blood volume
The mechanism of action of prostacyclin as a pulmonary vasodilator is:
- Activation of adenyl cyclase Increasing Intracellular cAMP
- Activation of guanylate cyclase Increasing cGMP
- Inhibition of adenyl cyclase reducing cGMP
- Inhibition of phosphodlesterase-5
The volume that best represents the Inspiratory capacity in a healthy adult is:
- 7 ml/kg
- 15 to 20 ml/kg
- 30 ml/kg
- 50 ml/kg
Which of the following stores the GREATEST amount of oxygen?
- Oxygen combined with haemoglobin
- Oxygen combined with myoglobin
- Oxygen dissolved in the tissues
- Oxygen stored within the functional residual capacity (FRC)
Oxygen combined with haemoglobin
900ml of blood in HbO2
HbO2 = 18 ml
Hb dissolved = 2-3ml
Which of the following body compartments CANNOT be directly measured?
- Blood volume
- Interstitial fluid volume
- Plasma volume
- Total body water
Regarding bronchial muscle tone, which statement is correct?
-
- Beta 2 adrenoreceptor stimulation and muscarinic cholinergic stimulation both decrease bronchial tone
- Beta 2 adrenoreceptor stimulation and muscarinic cholinergic stimulation both increase bronchial tone
- Beta 2 adrenoreceptor stimulation decreases tone and muscarinic cholinergic stimulation increases bronchial tone
- Beta 2 adrenoreceptor stimulation increases tone and muscarinic cholinergic stimulation decreases bronchial tone
What best describes the functional residual capacity (FRC)?
- The FRC is approximately 10 ml/kg in a normal healthy adult and varies with training
- The FRC is composed of the inspiratory reserve volume and the closing capacity and varies with effort
- The FRC is measured by spirometry or pneumotachography and varies with temperature
- The FRC is the point of no flow at the end of a tidal breath
Which is the MOST important mechanism of heat loss from the body of a naked person at a normal ICU room temperature of 21°C?
- Conduction
- Convection
- Evaporation
- Radiation
Which of the following morphine metabolites has neuro-excitatory effects?
- Morphine-1-glucuronide
- Morphine-3-glucuronide
- Morphine-6-glucuronide
- Nor-morphine
What is the respiratory quotient of fat?
- 0.1
- 0.3
- 0.7
- 1.0 CHO